CBD Isolate

CBD isolate is a crystalline solid or powder that contains 99% pure CBD. A traditional extraction process removes all the active compounds from the cannabis plant, followed by a refinement process that strips away all other phytocannabinoids, including THC, and any plant matter, leaving behind nothing but the CBD chemical compound in its purest form. 

Menthol

Studies suggest that a menthol based topical is more effective than ice for relieving soreness associated with delayed onset muscle soreness (e.g. after working out) while at rest or during muscle contractions [1]. The results may also apply to other musculoskeletal pain afflictions; however further research should investigate injured populations (e.g. strains, sprains).

Furthermore, previous research [2] indicates that the effects of menthol-based gels may work within a minute of application making them more time efficient than ice.

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362986/
[2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362986/#B24

Witch Hazel

There are many species of witch hazel, but Hamamelis virginiana — a type of shrub native to North America — is most commonly used in North America. The leaves and bark are made into teas and ointments.

Witch hazel contains many compounds with potent anti-inflammatory properties, including gallic acid and tannins. It also contains antioxidants that help prevent widespread inflammation and neutralize free radicals, which are disease-causing compounds that can build up in your body [1][2].

Studies show that topically-applied witch hazel can effectively reduce inflammation and help soothe your skin [3][4]. Witch hazel has also been shown to suppress erythema — a reddening of the skin caused by injury or irritation — by up to 27% [5].  One study in 40 people found that using a lotion with as little as 10% witch hazel extract was effective in reducing skin inflammation and treating erythema [3].

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19653897/
[2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3214789/
[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11867970/
[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025519/
[5] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9621139

Shea Butter

Shea butter oil is a fat that is extracted from Shea Tree nuts. Shea butter is useful for all skin types and is full of fatty acids and vitamins. It is inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifungal. It has long been utilized to tone, moisturize, smooth, and heal the skin. 

Though considered a nut product, shea butter is low in the proteins that trigger allergies in people. It provides moisture to dry skin while not clogging pores, making it an ideal product for any skin type. [1]

Exceptionally high in vitamins A and E, Shea Butter promotes high antioxidant activities, which can protect your skin from free radicals that lead to aging skin. It also helps tissue cell regeneration and boosts collagen production.[2]

Shea butter has anti-inflammatory properties. When applied to the skin, it triggers cytokines and other inflammatory cells to slow their production. These actions help protect the skin from irritants like dry weather or allergens. It can also help with inflammatory skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema. 

The anti-inflammatory abilities of Shea butter also help to relieve itching and soothe the skin. This is useful when treating skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Because it absorbs so rapidly into the skin, it is employed for quick relief of flare-ups.

Studies have shown that Shea butter can replace pharmaceutical medications when treating such skin conditions. [3][4]

Shea butter is most famous for its moisturizing effects. These are due to their fatty acid content, including palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids. 

When you apply Shea butter topically, these absorb into your skin, restoring lipids and creating moisture. This helps to naturally revive your skin’s barrier, protecting it, and storing in moisture. 

Shea butter has been considered antibacterial and has been applied as an antifungal ingredient for ringworm and foot fungus issues.[5]

[1] https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/skin-types-care
[2] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277021242 
[3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26314567/ 
[4] https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(08)03527-6/abstract